Ginger

A lisp-like language built on the go programming language. The ideas are still a work-in-progress, and this repo is where I'm jotting down my notes.

Goals

I have some immediate goals I'm trying to achieve with this syntax:

• Everything is strings (except numbers, functions, and data structures). There is no symbol type, atom type, keyword type, etc... they're all just strings.

• There is no defmacro. Macro creation and usage is simply an inherent feature of the language syntax.

Walkthrough

This is a number which evalutates to 5:

5

This is a string, it can contain anything:

"! I'm the king of the world !"

This is a list. It evaluates to a linked-list of four strings:

("a" "b" "c" "d")

This is a vector of those same elements. It's like a list, but has some slightly different properties. We'll mostly be using lists:

["a" "b" "c" "d"]

This is a string

"+"

: is the evaluator. A string beginning with : is evaluated to whatever it references. This evaluates to a function which adds its arguments:

":+"

This evaluates to list whose elements are a function and two numbers:

(":+" 1 2)

A list whose first element is a : calls the second element as a function with the rest of the elements as arguments. This evaluates to the number 5:

(":" ":+" 1 2)

A bare : or . string (lacking in ") is a shortcut for ":" or ".", respectively. An otherwise bare string is a shortcut for that string prefixed by a :. This is equivalent to the previous example:

(: + 1 2)

The fn function can be used to define a new function. Note the . instead of :. We'll cover that in a bit. This evaluates to an anonymous function which adds one to its argument and returns it:

(. fn [x]
    (: + x 1))

The def function can be used to bind some value to a new variable. This defines a variable foo which evaluates to the string "bar":

(. def foo "bar")

This defines a variable incr which evaluates to a function which adds one to its argument:

(. def incr
    (. fn [x]
        (: + x 1)))

This uses defn as a shortcut for the above:

(. defn incr [x]
    (: + x 1))

There are also maps. A map's keys can be any value(?). A map's values can be any value. This evaluates to a map with 2 key/val pairs:

{ "foo" foo
  "bar" (: incr 4) }

. is the half-evaluator. It only works on lists, and runs the function given in the first argument with the unevaluated arguments (even if they have :). You can generate new code to run on the fly (macros) using the normal fn. This evaluates to a let-like function, except it forces you to use the capitalized variable names in the body (utterly useless):

#
# eval evaluates a given value (either a string or list). It has been
# implicitely called on all examples so far.
#
# elem-map maps over every element in a list, embedded or otherwise
#
# capitalize looks for the first letter in a string and capitalizes it
#
(. defn caplet [mapping body...]
    (. eval (: elem-map
        (. fn [x]
            (. if (: mapping (: slice x 1))
                (: capitalize x)
                x))
        body))

#Usage
(. caplet [foo "this is foo"
           dog "this is dog"]
    (: println Foo)
    (: println Dog))