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Merge pull request 'intro.md: fix some typos, errors & dead links, plus some stylistic stuff' (#51) from adrien/garage:feature/mdbook into feature/mdbook

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Reviewed-on: https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/pulls/51
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Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store. Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store.
It comes from the observation that despite numerous object stores It comes from the observation that despite numerous object stores
many people have broken data management policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all). many people have broken data management policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all).
To promote better data management policies, we focused on the following desirable properties: To promote better data management policies, we focused on the following **desirable properties**:
- **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target hyperconverged infrastructures. - **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
- **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures. - **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
- **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug. - **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
- **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenter, offices, etc.) interconnected through a regular internet connection. - **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals. We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
The following has been identified has non-goals, if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage: The following has been identified has **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
- **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only. - **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
- **Feature extensiveness**: complete implementation of the S3 API or any other API to make garage a drop-in replacement is not targeted as it could lead to decisions impacting our desirable properties. - **Feature extensiveness**: complete implementation of the S3 API or any other API to make garage a drop-in replacement is not targeted as it could lead to decisions impacting our desirable properties.
- **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication. - **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
- **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such syncronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment. - **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
## Supported and planned protocols ## Supported and planned protocols
@ -26,37 +26,38 @@ Garage speaks (or will speak) the following protocols:
- [S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html) - *SUPPORTED* - Enable applications to store large blobs such as pictures, video, images, documents, etc. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static website. - [S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html) - *SUPPORTED* - Enable applications to store large blobs such as pictures, video, images, documents, etc. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static website.
- [IMAP](https://github.com/go-pluto/pluto) - *PLANNED* - email storage is quite complex to get good performances. - [IMAP](https://github.com/go-pluto/pluto) - *PLANNED* - email storage is quite complex to get good performances.
To keep performances optimals, most imap servers only support on-disk storage. To keep performances optimal, most IMAP servers only support on-disk storage.
We plan to add logic to Garage to make it a viable solution for email storage. We plan to add logic to Garage to make it a viable solution for email storage.
- *More to come* - *More to come*
## Use Cases ## Use Cases
**[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr) :** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which is a non-profit hosting organization. **[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr) :** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which is a non-profit hosting organization.
Especially, it is used to host their main website, this documentation and some of its members's blogs. Additionally, Especially, it is used to host their main website, this documentation and some of its members' blogs.
Garage is used as a [backend for Nextcloud](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/20/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html). Deuxfleurs also plans to use Garage as their [Matrix's media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider) and has the backend of [OCIS](https://github.com/owncloud/ocis). Additionally, Garage is used as a [backend for Nextcloud](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/20/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html).
Deuxfleurs also plans to use Garage as their [Matrix's media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider) and as the backend of [OCIS](https://github.com/owncloud/ocis).
*Are you using Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add your organization here!* *Are you using Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add your organization here!*
## Comparison to existing software ## Comparison to existing software
**[Minio](https://min.io/) :** Minio shares our *self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency. **[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
However, by pursuing these two non-goals, minio do not reach our desirable properties. However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
First, it fails on the *simple* property: due to the erasure coding, minio has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster. Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
Second, it fails on the *interned enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, minio is latency sensitive. Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
Furthermore, minio has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site. Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/) :** **[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *self-contained & lightweight* goal. OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
Starting it requires around 8Gb of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure. Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
It seems also to be far from *Simple*. We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/) :** **[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc. This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
At is core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
makes Ceph latency sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal. makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure. Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
In a certain way, Ceph and Minio are closer togethers than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift. In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
*More comparisons are available in our [Related Work](design/related_work.md) chapter.* *More comparisons are available in our [Related Work](design/related_work.md) chapter.*
@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ We reference here other places on the Internet where you can learn more about Ga
### Rust API (docs.rs) ### Rust API (docs.rs)
If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code documentation! If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
- [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint - [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
- [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction - [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
@ -80,16 +81,16 @@ If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump dire
We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here: We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
- [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/master/doc/20201202_talk/talk.pdf) - [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/main/doc/20201202_talk/talk.pdf)
*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!* *Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*
## Community ## Community
If you want to discuss with us, you can join our Matrix channel at [#garage:deuxfleurs.fr](https://matrix.to/#/#garage:deuxfleurs.fr). If you want to discuss with us, you can join our Matrix channel at [#garage:deuxfleurs.fr](https://matrix.to/#/#garage:deuxfleurs.fr).
Our code and our issue tracker, which is the place where you should report bugs, are managed on [Deuxfleurs' Gitea](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage). Our code repository and issue tracker, which is the place where you should report bugs, is managed on [Deuxfleurs' Gitea](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage).
## License ## License
Garage, all the source code, is released under the [AGPL v3 License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html). Garage's source code, is released under the [AGPL v3 License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html).
Please note that if you patch Garage and then use it to provide any service over a network, you must share your code! Please note that if you patch Garage and then use it to provide any service over a network, you must share your code!